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Hypertension
Measuring Hypertension
Causes of Hypertension
Treatment of Hypertension
Forgetting Medications
Final Advice
What is hypertension?
Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a medical condition characterised by elevated blood pressure levels in the arteries. Blood pressure is the force of blood against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps it through the body.
Dr Pinakin frequently shares with his general practioner colleague the best practices when it comes to managing hypertension form his specialist view point.
What causes hypertension?
Hypertension can have various underlying causes, and in many cases, the specific cause remains lifestyle related (primary hypertension).
Some of the common factors that can contribute to hypertension include:
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Lifestyle factors: Unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, excessive alcohol consumption and smoking can increase the risk of developing hypertension.
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Family history: If you have a family history of hypertension, you may have a higher likelihood of developing it yourself.
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Age: As people get older, the risk of hypertension increases.
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Obesity: Being overweight or obese can put extra strain on the heart and contribute to high blood pressure.
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Chronic kidney disease: Impaired kidney function can lead to imbalances in fluid and salt levels, affecting blood pressure.
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Hormonal imbalances: Conditions such as thyroid disorders or hormonal abnormalities can cause hypertension.
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Sleep apnea: Sleep disorders, like sleep apnea, have been linked to high blood pressure.
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What are the symptoms of hypertension?
Hypertension is often referred to as the "silent killer" because it typically does not cause noticeable symptoms in its early stages. Many people with hypertension may be unaware of their condition until it is detected during a routine medical checkup.
However, as blood pressure levels increase, some possible symptoms and signs may include:
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Headaches
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Dizziness or lightheadedness
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Shortness of breath
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Blurred vision
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Chest pain
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Fatigue
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Irregular heartbeat
It's essential to monitor blood pressure regularly, especially if you have risk factors for hypertension or a family history of the condition.
What tests are available for hypertension?
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a common medical condition that is typically diagnosed through a series of blood pressure measurements.
Here are the key tests conducted for hypertension:
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Blood Pressure Measurement: The primary and initial test for hypertension is the measurement of blood pressure. It's a simple and non-invasive procedure that involves wrapping a blood pressure cuff around the upper arm and using a sphygmomanometer or an automatic blood pressure monitor to measure two values: systolic (the pressure when the heart beats) and diastolic (the pressure when the heart is at rest). The results are typically expressed as systolic over diastolic pressure, like "120/80 mm Hg."
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Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM): This test involves wearing a portable blood pressure monitor for 24 hours, which takes blood pressure measurements at regular intervals. It provides a more comprehensive picture of blood pressure fluctuations throughout the day and night, which can help diagnose and manage hypertension more accurately.
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Home Blood Pressure Monitoring: Individuals with hypertension or those at risk are often encouraged to monitor their blood pressure at home using a home blood pressure monitor. Regular monitoring can provide valuable data for healthcare providers to assess and manage hypertension.
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Additional Testing: In some cases, healthcare providers may recommend additional tests to assess the impact of hypertension on organs and overall health. These tests may include:
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Blood and Urine Tests: To check for related conditions or complications, such as kidney function, diabetes, and lipid profiles.
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Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG): To assess the heart's electrical activity and detect any abnormalities related to high blood pressure.
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Echocardiogram: A type of ultrasound that provides images of the heart to evaluate its structure and function.
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Imaging Studies: Such as a CT scan or MRI to assess organ damage or vascular abnormalities.
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Regular monitoring and the results of these tests help healthcare providers determine the severity of hypertension and develop an appropriate treatment plan. Lifestyle modifications, medications, and ongoing monitoring are typically part of the management approach for hypertension. It's important to work closely with a healthcare professional to control blood pressure and reduce the risk of related health issues.
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What treatments are available for hypertension?
The treatment of hypertension aims to lower blood pressure levels to reduce the risk of complications such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney damage.
Treatment strategies may include:
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Lifestyle changes: Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet (such as the DASH diet), regular exercise, weight management, limiting alcohol intake, and quitting smoking can help lower blood pressure.
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Medications: Various antihypertensive medications are available, including diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), calcium channel blockers, and others. The choice of medication depends on individual factors and the severity of hypertension.
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Stress management: Reducing stress through relaxation techniques, meditation, and yoga may help in managing blood pressure.
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Regular monitoring: Keeping track of blood pressure levels and working closely with a healthcare provider to adjust treatment as needed is essential.
It's important to remember that hypertension is a chronic condition that requires ongoing management. If you suspect you have hypertension or have risk factors for it, it's crucial to consult a cardiologist for proper evaluation and personalised treatment recommendations.