Diabetes

What is diabetes?

Diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as diabetes, is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, which can lead to various health complications. There are different types of diabetes, with the most common being type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

What causes diabetes?

The causes of diabetes depend on the type:

• Type 1 Diabetes: It is an autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. The exact cause is not fully understood but is believed to involve genetic and environmental factors.

• Type 2 Diabetes: This is primarily associated with insulin resistance, where the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin. Genetic factors, obesity, lack of physical activity, and poor dietary habits play a significant role in its development.

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What are the symptoms of diabetes?

Common symptoms of diabetes may include:

• Excessive thirst and hunger

• Frequent urination

• Fatigue

• Unexplained weight loss

• Blurry vision

• Slow-healing wounds

• Tingling or numbness in the extremities

• Recurrent infections

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What tests are conducted to determine diabetes?

Several tests can help diagnose and monitor diabetes:

• Fasting Blood Sugar Test: Measures blood glucose levels after an overnight fast.

• Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): Involves fasting, followed by drinking a sugary solution and testing blood sugar levels at intervals.

• Hemoglobin A1c Test: Reflects average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months.

• Random Blood Sugar Test: Measures blood sugar levels at any time.

• Glycated Albumin Test: Provides information on blood sugar control in the past 2-3 weeks.

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What treatments are available for diabetes?

Treatment for diabetes aims to control blood glucose levels and prevent complications.

 

The approach varies depending on the type of diabetes:

• Type 1 Diabetes: Requires lifelong insulin therapy, either through injections or an insulin pump.

• Type 2 Diabetes: Treatment options include lifestyle modifications (diet and exercise), oral medications, and in some cases, insulin therapy.

• Gestational Diabetes: Managed through dietary changes and, if necessary, insulin therapy during pregnancy.

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Prevention: Lifestyle changes, such as a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and weight management, can help reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Management of diabetes often involves a multidisciplinary approach, including healthcare providers, nutritionists, and diabetes educators. Properly managing diabetes can help individuals lead healthy and fulfilling lives while reducing the risk of complications associated with high blood sugar levels. It's important for individuals with diabetes to work closely with their doctor to develop a personalised treatment plan.