Abnormal Heart Rhythm

What is abnormal heart rhythms?

Abnormal heart rhythms, also known as arrhythmias, refer to irregular or abnormal patterns of heartbeats. In a healthy heart, electrical signals coordinate the heart's contractions, maintaining a steady rhythm. However, in arrhythmias, this electrical system can malfunction, leading to irregular heartbeats that can be too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or irregular in their pattern.

What causes abnormal heart rhythms?

Arrhythmias can have various causes, including:

• Heart conditions: Certain heart conditions, such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, or heart valve disorders, can disrupt the heart's electrical system and lead to arrhythmias.

• Age: As people age, they may be more prone to developing arrhythmias.

• Congenital heart defects: Some individuals are born with structural abnormalities in their hearts that can cause arrhythmias.

• Electrolyte imbalances: Abnormal levels of potassium, sodium, or other electrolytes in the blood can affect the heart's electrical signalling.

• Medications and substances: Certain medications, excessive alcohol or caffeine consumption can trigger arrhythmias.

• Stress or anxiety: Emotional stress or anxiety can affect the heart's rhythm temporarily.

• Sleep disorders: Conditions like sleep apnea have been associated with an increased risk of arrhythmias

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What are the symptoms of abnormal heart rhythms?

The symptoms of arrhythmias can vary depending on the type of arrhythmia and its severity. 

Some common symptoms include:

• Palpitations: Sensation of fluttering, pounding, irregular heartbeats or skipped beats.

• Dizziness or lightheadedness: Feeling faint or lightheaded due to inadequate blood flow to the brain.

• Shortness of breath: Difficulty breathing, especially during physical activity or while lying flat.

• Chest pain: Some arrhythmias may cause chest discomfort or pain.

• Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired or weak.

• Fainting or near-fainting episodes: Some arrhythmias can cause fainting spells (syncope).

It's important to note that some arrhythmias may not cause noticeable symptoms and can only be detected during a medical examination or through diagnostic tests.

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What treatments are available for abnormal heart rhythms?

The treatment of arrhythmias aims to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and restore a regular heart rhythm. 

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Treatment options may include:

• Medications: Anti-arrhythmic medications can help control heart rhythms and reduce the frequency and severity of arrhythmias.

• Cardioversion: This procedure involves delivering a controlled electrical shock to the heart to restore normal rhythm in certain arrhythmias.

• Catheter ablation: During this minimally invasive procedure, a catheter is used to destroy or ablate the heart tissue responsible for the abnormal electrical signals.

• Pacemaker: A pacemaker is a small device implanted under the skin to help regulate heart rhythms, especially in cases of bradycardia.

• Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD): An ICD is a device that monitors heart rhythms and delivers electrical shocks to correct dangerous arrhythmias, such as ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation.

• Lifestyle changes: Adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a balanced diet, stress management, and avoiding substances that can trigger arrhythmias, can be beneficial.

The appropriate treatment for arrhythmias depends on the type and severity of the arrhythmia and the individual's overall health. Dr Pinakin will evaluate the specific case and recommend the most suitable treatment plan. Regular follow-up visits and adherence to the treatment plan are essential for effectively managing abnormal heart rhythms and reducing the risk of complications.